Incident Response and its Phases
Read time: 6 minutes
Incident Response Plan (IRP)
Phases of Cyber Incident Response
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Preparation
As the name says, preparation is the first and most essential phase of the whole process, which is carried out before the incident. So, it is the most crucial step as it will determine whether your organization will sustain the attack or not. In this phase, we conduct a risk assessment and determine where the most significant vulnerabilities are, which assets are most likely to be targeted, and what the company will do if they are damaged.
This is when organizations either refine existing rules and procedures or create new ones if they don’t have any. This phase includes the communication plans, roles, and responsibilities in IRT, access controls, and training.
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Identification
This phase comes after the incident has occurred. It is critical to figure out the breach in golden hours so that the situation doesn’t go out of hand. This phase starts with identifying the type of threat, what consequences it can possess, its extent, and the goals of the intruder.
IT personnel gathers events from log files, monitoring tools, error messages, intrusion detection systems, and firewalls to discover and determine issues and their scope in this step of effective incident response. After an incident has been confirmed, communication planning is also started during this phase.
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Containment
Containing an issue once it has been recognized or identified is a high priority. Erasing everything is never the best answer because you might lose necessary evidence in the process. This phase should cover topics like which systems will be taken offline in a breach and what backup procedures are in place.
Usually, Containment takes place in two subparts:
- Short Term Containment
It reduces the extent of the harm before it worsens, traditionally done by isolating network segments.
- Long Term Containment
It is referred to as temporary fixes to allow production systems to be restarted.
- Short Term Containment
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Eradication
The purpose of this phase in incident response is to eliminate the source of the breach. By this step, organizations can remove the threat and restore the affected systems to their original state by ejecting malware and preventing attackers while minimizing the loss. This phase will last until all traces of the attack have been eliminated. This phase also focuses on patching vulnerabilities and updating old versions of software, in addition to securely removing malware.
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Recovery
After the vulnerabilities have been patched, the malware has been removed, or the reason for the attack has been resolved, the next step is recovery or restoration. Organizations want the systems to recover fully and go up again in this phase. The recovery process includes:
- Monitoring
- Testing and verifying
- Defining date and time, when to restore services
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Learnings
It is the final and can be considered the critical step in the Incident Response process. It gives us the overall understanding and helps the organizations improve for future efforts. Organizations can use this step to implement/update their Incident Response process with the things that might have been missed during the incident. Overall, it provides us the experience to learn and implement new techniques.
Why is Incident Response Plan Important?
- In data breaches or cyber-attacks, the customers’ trust decreases, so having a solid IR Team will eventually regain confidence.
- For preserving the company’s reputation, IRP is essential.